{"product_id":"words-colliding-the-debate-over-slavery-and-black-exclusion-in-nineteenth-century-america-paperback","title":"Words Colliding: The Debate Over Slavery and Black Exclusion in Nineteenth-Century America - Paperback","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/reportcopyrightinfringement.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eReport copyright infringement\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eAndrew F. Hammann\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe long history and lasting impact of the rhetoric of Black exclusion in American politics and culture\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn 1787, Thomas Jefferson declared that the United States was destined to become a nation free of slavery--and of its entire Black population. Following his cue, Henry Clay and other prominent politicians founded the American Colonization Society in 1816, launching the Black expatriation (\"colonization\") movement, a political force that, over the next eighty years, promoted the removal, with federal support, of the nation's Black population. Throughout this time, the vast majority of Black Americans, Frederick Douglass among them, opposed this movement with great vigor and conviction, characterizing it as one of their greatest enemies, second only to slavery itself.\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eWords Colliding\u003c\/i\u003e offers the fullest account to date of this political debate, highlighting its dramatic impact on the national conversations regarding slavery and Black civil rights. From the beginning, Black Americans expressed grave concern that the rhetoric of colonization framed Black freedom as a national \u003ci\u003eproblem\u003c\/i\u003e. Throughout the nineteenth century, even after the Civil War and through the Jim Crow era, they argued that the colonization movement, no matter its professed aim, functioned mainly to encourage and justify racial oppression in America.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eAuthor Biography\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAndrew F. Hammann\u003c\/b\u003e is a Senior Historian of the New American History initiative at the University of Richmond. He taught for several years at Stanford University, where he earned his PhD, and has been a fellow at the International Center for Jefferson Studies and at the Kinder Institute at the University of Missouri.\u003c\/p\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 348\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.78 x 9 x 6 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e November 14, 2025\u003c\/div\u003e\n            ","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52802191491405,"sku":"9780813953694","price":75.02,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0927\/3304\/7117\/files\/vdBAl6gtiR9780813953694.webp?v=1763632389","url":"https:\/\/belfastbooks.us\/products\/words-colliding-the-debate-over-slavery-and-black-exclusion-in-nineteenth-century-america-paperback","provider":"belfastbooks.us","version":"1.0","type":"link"}